Six sectors.
One closed loop.

Every figure below links to the study it came from. We discarded several numbers that are widely repeated in this industry because we could not trace them to a real source — including the ones about PCB respin cost and the ten-to-one cost of late defects.

The six

01

Buildings and BMS

9%

median annual energy saving from fault detection software, across 6,500 buildings

Source

LBNL / DOE Better Buildings Smart Energy Analytics Campaign, 2020 — 104 organisations, 6,500+ buildings, 567 million sq ft. Median two-year simple payback.

The measurement is settled; the integration is the problem. BACnet holds roughly 77% of the global BMS market1 and still doesn't get you interoperability, because point names are whatever the commissioning contractor typed in 2011.

We buildBACnet/IP and Modbus gateways that speak to Siemens, Honeywell, Schneider and Distech panels; point-mapping and normalisation; fault detection rules plus learned baselines; submetering hardware where the existing plant has no instrumentation.

02

Solar, inverters and storage

P90 0.95

inverter availability across 1,128 US PV systems — the worst tenth of the fleet

Source

NREL/TP-5K00-88769, 2024 — 1,128 systems, 8.5 GW, roughly 24,000 inverter data channels. Median (P50) availability 0.99; larger systems fared worse.

Insurer data puts the US fleet 8.6% below P50 energy estimates2, and soiling alone runs 0–15% depending on site3. Meanwhile 108 GW of battery storage went in worldwide in 2025, eleven times the 2021 installed base4 — all of it needing monitoring nobody has built yet.

We buildSunspec and Modbus inverter polling, string-level current monitoring boards, soiling and shading detection from production data rather than extra sensors, BMS-to-cloud gateways for battery racks, and alarm logic that distinguishes a cloud from a blown fuse.

03

Industrial automation and vision

74%

of global manufacturers report being stuck in pilot purgatory

Source

McKinsey with the World Economic Forum, 2021 — annual Industry 4.0 survey, more than 400 companies worldwide. Up from 56% in 2019.

The pattern is consistent elsewhere: Gartner finds only 48% of AI projects reach production, taking a median eight months to get there5. Almost none of that gap is model accuracy. It is PLC integration, line takt time, lighting, and who gets paged at 3am.

We buildIn-line inspection cells with controlled lighting and telecentric optics, PLC handshakes over Modbus/TCP and Ethernet/IP, edge inference on Jetson or industrial x86, reject-arm timing, and an HMI a line operator can override without a laptop.

04

Vehicles, OBD and fleets

$11bn

of fuel burned annually by idling US vehicles — over 6 billion gallons

Source

US Department of Energy Alternative Fuels Data Center, citing Argonne National Laboratory. Idle reduction also cuts engine wear and maintenance cost.

Trucking operating cost hit a record $2.336 per mile in 2025, with repair and maintenance up 8.6% year on year6. Meanwhile 79% of new cars sold worldwide in 2024 shipped with embedded telematics7 — which mostly means the OEM has your data and you don't.

We buildOBD-II and J1939 dongles with LTE-M or NB-IoT backhaul, CAN decoding for mixed fleets, driver-behaviour scoring that survives a rough road surface, geofencing, and predictive-maintenance features built on DTC history rather than mileage alone.

05

Greenhouses and controlled environment

16–77%

share of CEA operating cost that is energy, depending on crop and climate

Source

Mills, npj Sustainable Agriculture (Nature Portfolio), 2025 — meta-analysis of 116 studies across 40 countries and 23 crops.

The same paper notes CEA supplies under 1% of US food crops while consuming more energy than all open-field cultivation combined. That is the whole business case in one sentence: control the climate precisely or the economics don't close. Greenhouse lettuce uses roughly 21 litres of water per kilo against 201 in a California field8.

We buildMulti-zone climate controllers with PID loops that don't fight each other, EC/pH dosing with redundant sensing, VPD-driven venting and screening, DLI-aware supplemental lighting schedules, and a fallback mode that keeps the crop alive when the network is down.

06

Robots and autonomous machines

the category everyone expects us to lead with; it is one of six

AMRs, inspection crawlers, agricultural platforms and gantries. The discipline transfers directly — a greenhouse controller and a mobile robot are both closed-loop systems that have to fail safe — which is why we don't treat robotics as a separate business.

We buildLocalisation and mapping, motion planning under real payload, sensor fusion across LiDAR, radar, wheel odometry and IMU, control tuning against the machine rather than the simulator, and a stop chain a supervisor can reach without training.

On the numbers above

Recognise your problem in there?

Tell us which sector and what's breaking. We'll tell you what we'd measure first.

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